A large quantity of consumers; - both consumers and manufacturers can not influence the price on their own; - mobility of all supplies; - operational costs are zero; - balance price (determined by the intersection of supply and demand curves); - lack of barriers to enter or way out from the market.
Under states of perfect competition the price is equal to unimportant revenue and, in its turn, marginal income is equal to marginal costs.
When a company loses money, then it is time to make a decision whether to continue operating on the market or to shut down. In order to make a right decision it is essential to analyze total revenue and total costs (fixed and variable). As far as the fixed costs are equivalent whether the company operates or shut down, variable costs are equivalent to variable. So if the price per product unit is less than the costs per product unit it means that total returns (quantity of product multiplied by price) is under total costs (fixed plus variable) and the company should shut down. Certainly, if total revenue is larger than complete costs the company should continue operating. When total costs are equivalent to total revenue – it is called the power failure price and it does not matter for company whether to shut down or control further.
In the long-run companies get zero economic profit and therefore other companies are not interested in toward the inside the market (it means that market participants totally satisfy the demand). But if the demand suddenly enlarges – the prices would add to too and thus new participants would enter the market awaiting the price won’t become equilibrium.
In fact, perfect competition does not be as others. This model is abstracts and explains the market in general terms. As the most common instance there is used local agriculture sector: there are many producers and customers, the price is close to equilibrium, there are not enter or exit barriers; but operating costs cannot be zero for the reason that it takes time, efforts and a number of costs to sell the product; resources are not completely mobile.
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