In the organization, predicts are needed throughout and at each step. Forecasting is a continuous method. As the time goes on, the impact of the forecasts on actual presentation is measured; original forecasts are updated and choices are modified and so on. So an extremely high degree of accuracy is needed while forecasting. Operations manager attempt to forecast a broad range of future events so forecasting consists of on the whole internal and external factors. And this factor is further categorized as convenient and unmanageable factor. Demand forecasting is the important decision to be complete. Demand is one of the decisive drivers for making decisions of deploying the resources for using the production capacities; success of inventory planning etc. Demand forecasting is used in production and operations management for Planning and scheming the system preparation of the system ,controlling the system.
To examine the demand, demand pattern is tracked. And to study the pattern of order Time series analysis is used. Four essential trends have been identified i.e. seasonal, cyclical, horizontal, and random.
Approaches to forecasting:
- Forecasting can be completed on the guesses and knowledge of managers and Statistical forecasting
- Qualitative and quantitative methods are used in forecasting.
- Quantitative techniques are as follows
- Moving average technique: In this technique, the raw data is converted into moving standard. Each period is given similar weightage in this. Here, the data is updated frequently by replacing the item in the average by the fresh item.
- Weighted moving average: The affecting average practice retires the old facts and inducts fresh data into its estimate at every forecasting era. In this method different weights are assigned to different period of time.
- Exponential smoothing technique: This technique considers the whole past in its forecast but weights new experience more heavily then less new. Smoothing coefficient (α), real demand for the most recent period and demand predict for the most recent period are considered for calculation. When this alpha factor is little, it leads to lower weightage to recent demand and additionally consideration to old demands.
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Resource article: http://www.expertsbuzz.com/
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