Cell Biology is a stream of natural sciences which study cells – their physiological and chemical properties, their structure, and organelles which are present in them, connections with the atmosphere, their life cycle, division and death. In another words, it is the study of cell as a whole unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions which take place inside a living cell. This is completed both on a cellular and microscopic level.
Cell biology was former termed by the name of cytology. The term cytology is derived from the Greek word ‘kytos’ meaning ‘container’. Cell is the basic (structural & functional) unit of life. It was discovered by the big scientist, Robert Hooke. The study of cell is of greatest significance since all living beings are tranquil of cells. Cells are the building blocks of living organisms. Hence, it is most vital which one studies about the structures, dynamics and functions of cells and its entities.
Biochemistry, immunology, genetics, molecular biology are few of the fields of biology which are closely associated to the subject of cell biology. A number of internal cellular structures which are studied under this field are as follows:
Cytoplasm: It is a thick liquid lying among the cell membrane containing all the cell organelles (apart from the nucleus).
Endoplasmic Reticulum: It is a eukaryotic organelle which forms an interrelated network of vesicles, tubules, and cisternae within cells. It is the main site for protein synthesis.
Chloroplast: This cell organelle is simply found in plants. It facilitates the procedure of photosynthesis.
Golgi apparatus: This is a eukaryotic cell organelle which is included in procedures like packaging of macromolecules like proteins and lipids.
Nucleus – It is found in eukaryotic cells and have most of the cells genetic material.
Mitochondrion: This is the main energy-generating organelle that discharges energy in the form of ATP.
Several cell procedures which are studied in detail are: Respiration, Metabolism, Photosynthesis, Glycolysis, DNA repair, Cell death, Transcription, mRNA splicing, Cell signaling, Reproduction, Adhesion, Active transport and Passive transport and so on.
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